Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Aquaculture for Food Security: An Imperative Review

Abstract

Aquaculture is a vital component of global food systems, providing a significant source of protein for millions of people worldwide. The increasing global population drives a rising demand for food, particularly fish as a preferred protein source, straining captured fisheries and overfishing has depleted wild stocks thereby emphasizing the need for advanced aquaculture technologies. However, the industry faces numerous challenges, including disease management, water quality monitoring, and feed optimization. Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools like Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, cameras, and algorithms offer promising solutions to reduce human intervention and challenges, enhancing the efficiency, sustainability, and productivity of aquaculture operations. This review paper examines the opportunities and applications of AI in aquaculture, highlighting its potential to improve food security especially in predictive analytics, automated monitoring, optimization and providing decision support for management decisions on challenges, limitations, and future research directions that would provide a comprehensive overview of AI's role in shaping the future of aquaculture. This review highlights AI's potential to transform aquaculture, increasing productivity, reducing environmental impact, and ensuring food security.